Case Study Recommendation free essay sample

Government strategies on tax assessment Hong Kong government has put forth immense attempts to urge purchasers to utilize littler vehicles and underline intensely on eco-friendliness, just as the interests to secure the earth. Suggestion: The presentation of exclusion ‘First enlistment tax’ for electric vehicles in 2007 is an extraordinary open door for FAW to shape joint endeavors with worldwide car monsters to create electric vehicles focused for the Chinese market. Toyota is an appealing organization to begin getting adventure together with. Since Toyota’s business foundation is to ensure nature and their concentration in assembling module eco-accommodating half and half fits in pleasantly with Hong Kong government arrangements. With the exception of ‘FRT’, Toyota’s half breed vehicle would be generally acknowledged by Hong Kong customers and predict a development popular for the vehicles. 2. Government strategies on emanation standard Recommendation: Hong Kong had exacting emanation standard that every single light vehicle sold needed to pass Euro 4 gauges and with the 30% decrease of ‘First enrollment tax’ for low discharge vehicles, it is a beginning stage for FAW to fabricate or import low-outflow business vehicles that can fulfilled the necessary guideline. We will compose a custom exposition test on Contextual analysis Recommendation or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Since estimating is the most compelling component when buying of vehicles, the decrease of duty can altogether lessen the cost weight of claiming a vehicle. Riding on this motivator, FAW can appreciate the flood in deals for low-outflow vehicles. . Hong Kong shoppers had appeal for extravagance vehicles (separated from Exhibit 5) Recommendation: Hong Kong buyers need extravagance vehicles from respectable brands. In this manner, custom made vehicle brand (Hongqi) may not be as appealing in contrast with prestigious brand names, for example, Audi, Volkswagen. The well off buyers lean toward vehicles that are increasingly liberal, particularly for private and more youthful purchasers; they will in general overhaul their vehicles all the more often that can impressively support the vehicles deals. Accordingly, FAW can prematurely end the arrangement to sell custom made vehicles (Hongqi) in Hong Kong and spotlight on marking joint-adventure contract with world-popular brands. On the other hand, FAW needs to revamp the brand picture of Hongqi and market it past business/government part. In spite of the fact that extravagance car plans are well known in China, it may not have any significant bearing to Hong Kong. FAW needs to perform statistical surveying in Hong Kong to discover consumers’ inclinations, update Hongqi vehicles and dispatch the promoting effort before it can pick up brand acknowledgment in Hong Kong and acknowledged by purchasers effectively.

Case Study Of Toyotas Vehicle Recall Management Essay

Contextual analysis Of Toyotas Vehicle Recall Management Essay This examination centers around the danger of reputational harm from an emergency circumstance and utilizations the Toyota review emergency as a contextual analysis. The investigation looks at Toyotas activities as identifies with safeguarding its notoriety for being in excess of 8 million of its engine vehicles are reviewed from 2009-2010. So as to do this, Toyotas activities are benchmarked against basic hazard factors recognized in the Roads to Ruin report directed by Cass Business School for Association of Insurance and Risk Managers in Industry and Commerce (AIRMIC). The discoveries from the case uncovered that a genuine breakdown in Toyotas culture and an infringement of its unmistakably expressed standards of value and client center were the underlying drivers of its reputational decay. Upon closer assessment of the Toyota case, we find that the Toyota emergency raised significantly in light of the fact that the organization appeared to have no arrangement at all to plan for an emergency of the size it confronted and subsequently neglected to ensure its notoriety. The case proceeds to feature different hazard the board that can be joined by organizations, administrators and CEOs to save their notoriety in emergency circumstances and maintain a strategic distance from regular traps that lead to reputational decrease. Table of Figures Official outline This paper investigates the subject of corporate notoriety and the hazard an emergency circumstance stances to a companys notoriety. The principle goal of this investigation is to separate hazard the board exercises from an emergency circumstance that can be utilized by supervisors and CEOs to maintain a strategic distance from reputational decrease in comparative conditions. The paper is organized as a contextual investigation that centers around Toyota Motor Corporation as it confronted the best danger to its notoriety the review of its vehicles in 2009. It investigates key factors that made Toyota powerless during the review and investigates the impacts of the review on Toyotas notoriety. So as to decide the fundamental hazard factors that exacerbated the emergency, Toyota is benchmarked against basic hazard factors distinguished in the Roads to Ruin report an exploration report on chance administration by Cass Business School for AIRMIC. The report was picked in light of the fact that it gives a rich wellspring of exercises about hazard, chance investigation and hazard the executives by itemizing more than one hundred explicit exercises about hazard from various contextual analyses of organizations in notoriety harming emergency circumstances. Upon closer assessment of the subtleties of the Toyota case, we find that Toyotas notoriety was harmed on the grounds that the organization appeared to have no arrangement at all to get ready for an emergency of the extent it confronted and consequently neglected to secure its notoriety. Among different explanations behind Toyotas reputational decay were these elements: the executives were not discussing viably with partners during the emergency; dynamic was focused in Japan where the organization was head-quartered making the emergency reaction extremely moderate. We likewise find that Toyota retired its corporate qualities which made it an image for quality as its continued looking for development. So as to comprehend the Toyota emergency, the paper begins with a short presentation of Toyota Motor Corporation, featuring its organizations and its notoriety before the review emergency. A course of events of the review is additionally included to give an outline of the progression of occasions during the period under survey. Writing on corporate notoriety, its significance and possession is audited in the second piece of this investigation while part three sets out the system utilized in this examination. Part four and five speak to the core of this work looking at Toyotas activities in more detail. The exploration work closes with significant suggestions for administrators for saving notoriety in an emergency circumstance. List of chapters Part 1: Introduction Glass, China, and notoriety are handily broken, and never very much patched. - Benjamin Franklin. A couple of years prior, in the event that we discussed organizations with great notorieties, the Japanese carmaker Toyota may have been referenced. 2008 specifically was a decent year for Toyota; Toyota was ostensibly one of the top brands around the world, scoring high focuses for unwavering quality and item quality on different reputational examines. It was the sixth top brand on the planet as indicated by interbrands Top 100 brands on the planet list and was exceptionally presumed for its dependability, client center, and world-class quality. By the 27th of February, 2009, Toyota had climbed to third place on the Worlds Most Admired rundown, behind just Apple and Berkshire Hathaway. The organization had the pined for AAA rating from Fitch and clients and vehicle lovers the same had come to compare Toyota with quality. Indeed, even the companys methods of reasoning, dreams and promoting efforts were unequivocal in focusing on its duty to quality Anyway as Toyota reviewed vehicle after vehicle in 2009, its immaculate notoriety for quality was seriously harmed. Toyota actually crashed into a reputational emergency like it had never observed; the emergency was outstandingly harming to the companys notoriety as it struck its apparent center capability security and quality. Organization Background TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION is a Japan-based organization fundamentally occupied with the vehicle and money related business. The Company works through three business divisions. The Automobile fragment is occupied with the structure, assembling and offer of vehicle items including traveler vehicles, minivans and trucks, just as the related parts and extras. The Finance fragment is associated with the arrangement of budgetary administrations identified with the offer of the Companys items, just as the renting of vehicles and hardware. The Others portion is associated with the structure, assembling and offer of lodgings, just as data and correspondence business. For its car activities which is the focal point of this investigation Toyota delivers and sells traveler vehicles, minivans and business vehicles, for example, trucks. Toyotas vehicles can be characterized into two classifications: regular motor vehicles and half breed vehicles. Toyotas product offering up incorporates subcompact and smaller vehicles, scaled down vehicles, fair size, extravagance, sports and claim to fame vehicles, recreational game utility vehicles, pickup trucks, minivans, trucks and transports. The Companys subcompact and minimal vehicles incorporate the four-entryway Corolla car and the Yaris. In North America, Europe and Japan, Toyotas extravagance line-up comprises principally of vehicles and other extravagance sport-utility vehicles sold under the Lexus brand name. Toyota sport-utility vehicles accessible in North America additionally incorporate the Sequoia, the 4Runner, the RAV4, the Highlander, the FJ Cruiser and the Land Cruiser, and pickup trucks accessible are the Tacoma and Tundra. Toyota likewise sells the Century limousine in Japan. Toyotas product offering up incorporates trucks (counting vans) up to a gross vehicle weight of five tons and smaller scale transports, which are sold in Japan and in abroad markets. Trucks and transports are additionally fabricated and sold by Hino, an auxiliary of Toyota. Hinos product offering up incorporates enormous trucks with a gross vehicle weight of more than 11 tons, medium trucks with a gross vehicle weight of somewhere in the range of five and 11 tons, and little trucks with a gross vehicle weight of as much as five tons . More than its vehicles, Toyota is notable for its TOYOTA WAY a lot of standards and practices that underlie the Toyota Motor Corporations administrative methodology and creation framework. These standards have been educated in different business colleges and adjusted in different associations. The standards are summed up in the figure underneath: Figure : The Toyota way (Source: Hispage TONOway) 1.2 The Recall Crisis Toyotas review disaster took a terrible turn on the 28th of August 2009 in San Diego, California. As per news reports, Mark Saylor and his better half, little girl and brother by marriage (Chris Lastrella) were murdered when their Lexus, on credit from a seller, lurched crazy at more than 100mph, slammed into another vehicle, and collided with a gorge, setting the vehicle on fire. Figure : Inset is an image of the vehicle after the mishap (Source: PowayPatch) The familys fast catastrophe was caught by means of a 911 call; the dread in the guest Chris Lastrellas voice was evident as he said there are no brakes㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ we have to supplicate lastly, their shrill shouts as the vehicle smashed. Throughout the following a half year following this occurrence, Toyota would give three separate reviews identified with vehicle speed control for more than 8 million vehicles; costing the organization a huge number of dollars in deals and vast reputational harm. As the emergency increased, Toyota turned into the objective of antagonistic media consideration with reactions originating from different partners for its activities during this period, and for its deferral in distinguishing the deficiency and reviewing the influenced vehicles. 1.3 Timeline This segment gives an ordered progression of the occasions paving the way to and encompassing the review emergency 2000 A cost cutting activity called Construction of Cost Competitiveness for the 21st Century is propelled by Toyota with the point of decreasing the expense of 180 vehicle parts by 30% and sparing $10 billion by 2005. 31-12-04 Toyotas vehicles represented about 20% of all unintended speeding up protests recorded with National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), up from 4 percent in 2000. 26-09-07 First floor tangle review in US of 55,000 vehicles to address potential drivers floor tangle causing quickening agent pedal capture. 28-08-09 Off-obligation California Highway Patrol official Mark Saylor is going on Highway 125 in Santee, California (upper east of San Diego), with three relatives, when the 2009 Lexus ES350 he is driving out of nowhere quickens crazy, hits another vehicle, tumbles down a dike and bursts into flames. While the vehicle is tilting down the interstate at speeds assessed to surpass 100 mph, his brother by marriage considers 911 and reports that the vehicle has no brakes. Each of the four are murdered in the resulting crash. 14-09-09 Preliminary reports from

Benefits of Exercise for College Students - Free Essay Example

College students today are increasingly overwhelmed with schoolwork, exams, extracurricular activities, and personal situations, which causes a great deal of stress for a typical college student. They usually explain that there is not enough time in the day to complete the required tasks like doing homework, writing papers, and studying for tests without compromising other essential activities. Generally, because of these required tasks, students will not prioritize activities that are imperative for their health, like exercising. By avoiding these important activities, specifically exercise, they are overlooking the activities that can help them effectively manage their stress. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the stress reduction benefits of exercise for college-aged students. Background   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   College students are at a point in their life where they are experiencing many new challenges that make them easily vulnerable to stress. Peate (2017) explains that these challenges could be, but are certainly not limited to, new living situations away from home, financial problems, and searching for jobs. Xu, Liu, Chepyator-Thomson, and Schmidlein (2018) found evidence that young adults between the ages of 18-24 had the highest amount stress compared to people of a younger or older age. Even though data shows that college students know the importance of getting regular exercise as is relates to stress, statistics show that many of them are not getting the urged amount of exercise for various reasons. According to Ball, Bice, and Maljak (2018), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that the amount of exercise that young adults should get is about 150 minutes per week. Data showed that roughly 50% of college students are not getting the r ecommended amount of exercise every week. This is a concern, because excessive stress can have a negative impact on the students physical and mental health. For example, they are at a higher risk for developing anxiety and depression. Exercises Impact on the Body   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Exercise has influences on different body systems that helps reduce stress in various ways. Berman, Snyder, and Frandsen (2016) discuss the various benefits of exercises for mental health. One of the advantages of exercise is having a positive impact on the psychoneurological system. According to data, exercise is said to help decrease stress by the following ways: Exercise increases levels of metabolites for neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin; exercises releases endogenous opioids, thus increasing levels of endorphins; exercise increases levels of oxygen to the brain and other body systems, including euphoria; and through muscular exertion (especially with movement modalities such as yoga and tai chi) the body releases stored stress associated with accumulated emotional demands. (Berman et al., 2016, p. 1020) Getting regular exercise can also adjust how students react to stressful situations. Baghurst and Kelley (2014) discuss how exercise can decrease the negative impacts stress has on a person, physiologically and psychologically. The article explained that when people participated in regular exercise they were able to recover more quickly from a stressor, . . . . may have developed a physical conditioning that allowed them to more quickly cope with the emotional stressors, . . . . and were more immune to the psychological stress response (Baghurst Kelley, 2014, p. 440). Basically, exercise is a coping mechanism, and it can alter how college-aged students respond to their stress in a beneficial way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many studies have found similar correlations between stress and exercise. Xu et al. (2018) explained a study that examined the relationship between physical activity and stress vulnerability. A questionnaire was given to 135 university students and it asked questions about the students exercise regimens and about how they handle their stress. The study revealed that there is a strong inverse relationship between physical activity and stress vulnerability. This means that as the amount of the college students physical activity went up, their vulnerability to stress went down. In another article with similar findings, VanKim and Nelson (2013) discussed a study that analyzed the relationship between vigorous physical activity with mental health, perceived stress, and socializing. A survey was given to 14,706 college students and it asked the students to rate their mental health, perceived stress, and social behaviors, and then asked about their exercise habi ts. It was found that students who did participate in vigorous physical activity did not report as much mental health problems and stress. It was also found through the study that socializing played a role in how much a person engaged in vigorous physical activity, therefore affecting their stress level. Both of these articles also included the important point that many studies find the same relationship between stress and physical activity, which is that exercise tends to decrease stress levels. Nursing Interventions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As discussed earlier, many college-aged students know the importance of getting exercise, but about half of them do not get the recommended hours of exercise per week. As a nurse, it is important to understand the reasons behind the students choices for not exercising. By helping the client deal with problems that are preventing them from exercising, the client will then be able to begin participating in physical activity, and therefore reduce their stress. Anjali and Sabharwal (2018) discussed a study that was performed to determine some of the obstacles that college-aged students faced when it came to engaging in physical activity. There were many barriers that were discussed, but the most common were lack of time, lack of energy, lack of self-motivation, lack of social support, and lack of knowledge, specifically related to types of exercises to do. Nurses can provide the client with information about time management and types of exercises to do to imp rove their education in those areas. They can also counsel them through their concerns of self-motivation and social support. One type of suggestion that seems to help many students is to find a workout partner so that they are able to help motivate each other. If students receive help dealing with these problems, they will be more willing to exercise and then consequently be able to reduce their stress. Conclusion Exercise has many benefits for reducing stress in college-aged students. Exercise has a big impact on the psychoneurological system, and it can change the way that students respond to their stress in a positive way. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship that exercise and stress share, which supports the idea that exercise is a great way for students to reduce their stress. Although there is so much evidence for this, there is still a considerable number of college-aged students that do not get the suggested amount of exercise for multiple reasons. Nurses can teach their client information and counsel them through the problems they have when it comes to exercising. When students get help managing those problems, they are then able to use exercise as a way to lower their stress levels.

The Rationality Assumption in Neoclassical Economics

Symbolism In The Catcher In The Rye By J. D. Salinger

In the Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, there are many items of symbolism. The symbolism in the story keeps Holden sain. Some items of symbolism are Holdens’ brothers baseball mit, the schools Holden gets kicked out of, and the carousels gold rings. The baseball mit and the carousels’ gold rings are positive representation of symbolism, whereas the schools, are negative. The baseball mit, Holden has from his dead brother Allie, keeps Holden tranquil. The baseball mit first appears in the story when Holden’s roommate Stradlater, asks Holden to write a composition about a room for his english class. Instead, of Holden writing about a room Holden writes about the baseball mit. He describes the poems on the glove that were wrote in†¦show more content†¦The pencey advertisement is also something Holden finds repulsive. â€Å" since 1888 we have been molding boys into splendid, clear-thinking young men,† (page 2). Holden gets suspended from school for his lack of good grades, while his roommate at Pencey Prep, Stradlater, gets by on his good looks and popularity, by having others do his work for him. This is what Holden finds wrong in the world. The prejudice of good looks and the pressure to fit in. Holden, was born into the rich and popular environment. Although, he was born into the rich and popular environment he still has trouble fitting into that world. The last symbolism is the carousels gold rings. At the end of the story, when Holden is about to leave, him and phoebe are at the carousel in central park. When you are on the outside horses of the carousel you can reach for the gold rings. When you grab the gold rings you have to reach. If you manage to grab the gold rings you then toss them into the bin. This is when Phoebe, then goes to ride the carousel. While, Phoebe is on the carousel, Holden realizes Phoebe is growing up. He realizes all kids have to grow up, and when they do they take risks, such as reaching for the gold rings. The carousels rings represent the risks kids take. When the kids reach for the rings they risk falling off and getting injured, but getting it has benefits. This is when Holden realizes kids will try to grab the gold ring which represents theShow MoreRelatedA Short Biography of J.D. Salinger1316 Words   |  6 Pages J. D. Salinger was an American writer who wrote fiction short stories and novels. Some critics dont like his books, yet others do. He had a remarkable life and story. Salinger was an influential 20th century American writer whose works were very scrutinized. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919. He was known as J. D. Salinger. He was born in New York, New York. His fathers name was Sol Salinger. His mothers name was Miriam Jillich Salinger. His father was Jewish and his motherRead MoreEssay Comparison of the Social Network and the Catcher in the Rye1111 Words   |  5 Pagesdo J. D. Salinger and David Fincher use to explore the personal dilemmas of their protagonists, Holden Caulfield and Mark Zuckerberg, in The Catcher in the Rye and The Social Network? In David Fincher’s The Social Network and J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, a story of two young men, Holden Caulfield and Mark Zuckerberg face many difficulties and ultimately are very vulnerable souls. The dilemmas that Holden and Mark face are alienation, betrayal and identity. Fincher and Salinger bothRead MoreEssay about The Catcher in the Rye Should be Included in the Curriculum1083 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the inclusion of The Cather in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger in the high school english curriculum. This is such due to the inappropriate and adult oriented themes within If considered, many times within the novel the main character will face situations in which that the negative and vulgar themes will blossom into something meaningful that the reader can benefit from as a person and as a student. While the vulgarity and adult themes in The Catcher in the Rye are indeed inappropriate for adolescentRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish 1714 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Silbernagel Ms. Clark English III 30 November 2015 J.D. Salinger her was born in New York City in 1919. He wrote in the post war time period where writers wrote mostly about aesthetic or social rather than political problems. J.D. Salinger is the son of a Jewish father and a Christian mother. After enrollment at both NYU and Columbia University he devoted himself to writing and by 1940 he had published some short stories. But his career as a writer was interrupted by World War IIRead MoreProtecting The Innocence By F. D. Salinger1434 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of The Catcher in the Rye During the nineteen fifties, as the population of the United States hurdled in a whirlpool of amiss, a writer sought to conserve innocence as teenagers move into adulthood. The change from their teenage years to adulthood made them question religion, friendships, and fate. J. D. Salinger saw this as a potential pitfall for teens; therefore, he adopts a unique writing style to which they can relate to. Sol and Miriam Salinger’s son, Jerome David Salinger, was born onRead More catcher in the rye Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages Hello, is Salinger There? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;J. D. Salinger’s only published full-length novel, The Catcher in the Rye, has become one of the most enduring classics of American literature. The novel’s story is told in retrospect by the main character, Holden Caulfield, while staying in a psychiatric hospital in California. This is a coming of age tale that is wrought with irony. Holden Caulfield, Mr. Antolini, and Phoebe are the main symbols of irony. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreThe Story of J.D. Salinger2489 Words   |  10 PagesThe Story of J. D. Salinger J. D. Salinger became one of the most popular and known American authors in America today. Up to this day students from all over the country have read and purchased the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† which was a novel that was not so long ago controversial due to vulgar language, sexual references, and unacceptable behavior; parents were concerned that J. D. Salinger’s novel was going to influence their children. Salinger was one of many authors that stood out moreRead MoreThe First Person Narrator in J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the first person narration played a critical role in helping the reader to know and understand the main character, Holden Caulfield. Salinger also uses symbolism to help portray the theme that not everything that glitters is gold. Holden, in his narration, relates a flashback of a significant period of his life, three days and nights on his own in New York City. Through his narration, Holden discloses to the reader his innermost thoughts and also helps toRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1601 Words   |  7 Pagessome ‘Crazy Cliff A novel, which has gained literary recognition worldwide, scrutiny to the point of censorship and has established a following among adolescents, The Catcher in the Rye is in its entirety a unique connotation of the preservation of innocence and the pursuit of compassion. With certain elegance the writer J.D. Salinger, substantiates the growth and perils, which lie between childhood and adulthood. Embellishing the differentiation between innocence and squalor in the grasps of societyRead More Symbolism in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Essay2842 Words   |  12 PagesJ.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is no exception. The abundant use of symbolism in Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is of such significance that it â€Å"proclaims itself in the very title of the nove l† (Trowbridge par. 1). If the symbolism in this novel is studied closely, there should be no astonishment in learning that The Catcher in the Rye took approximately ten years to write and was originally twice its present length. J.D. Salinger uses copious amounts of symbolism in his novel to accurately

What Moral Purpose Was Charles Dickens Trying to Put Across in His Novel free essay sample

He later turns from rags to riches with help from his mysterious benefactor Abel Magwitch; the convict that he had saved from starvation at the beginning of the novel. As he progresses to the upper class, and gains wealth and power, he loses his kindness and becomes a little ignorant of the plight of the poor. Dickens has highlighted this to show that money does not always make you a better person or always make you happy, as Pip still struggled miserably to win the heart of his first love Estella. On a bleak evening, Pip is sitting in the churchyard by the grave of his family surrounded by people who have failed `the universal struggle. ` At the period that Great Expectations was written, life was a constant challenge for the many orphans in England and many resorted to child labour, begging or stealing until the end of their short lives. The name Pip suggests that the novels narrator is small and week but throughout the novel, the seed that is Philip Pirrip grows and flourishes. The grim evening reflects Pips own mood – made worse when the escaped convict, Abel Magwitch, seemingly resurrected from the grave shouting â€Å"keep still you devil or ill cut your throat†. The word â€Å"and† is repeated over and over when the scene is being described to create the feeling of isolation; of Pip being all alone in the world. The same word â€Å"and† is alliterated again producing strong and distinct mental images of Magwitches major struggle on his run from the law. Magwitch manipulates pips vulnerability to get what he needs but then eases off when he finds out that his parents are deceased showing that he is not completely heartless. Pip is terrified at the man standing before him threatening to literally eat him and he believes every word. As the confrontation nears its conclusion, Pip is tilted back against a tombstone – â€Å"after each question, he tilted me over a little more, as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger† Dickens has done this to build tension and show that Magwitch was fully in control. Pip is forced to say â€Å"say lord strike you dead if you don’t† which petrifies him further as in the 19th century the church played a more important role in life and he genuinely believed that he would be struck dead on the spot if he didn’t comply after swearing to God! In the eighth chapter, Pip is requested to â€Å"play† at Miss Havishams mansion; a total strangers house – were he is greeted with an icy reception from Havishams adopted daughter Estella. As she leads him through the dark dismal passages, she insists on calling him â€Å"boy† to show that a person of lower class than her is of no value and does not deserve to own a name. This was common in the Victorian era, as the rich and the wealthy (higher classes) often looked down their noses to the poor. When they approach Miss Havishams dressing room, Estella leaves him, â€Å"and even worse, took the candle with her†. Pip is left in the dark in both terms, as he is now standing in the shadowy hallway alone, and he is unsure about what he will face on the other side of the door. Pip meets and eccentric old women who was left humiliated and heartbroken at being jilted at the alter in her youth. She has let her past experiences consume her and had all the clocks stopped at the exact point at which she had learnt of her betrayal, attempting to freeze time and appearing to be existing, rather than living with no goals or relevant future. From that day on, she imprisoned herself in her decaying mansion, never removing her now withered and yellowed wedding dress which had gone sour like her mind that has turned bitter and cruel. He is asked to call Estella – â€Å"she answered at last, and her light came along the dark passage like a star. Dickens has used this language to symbolise social class differences; of Estella being angelic and pure as a star (that will grow to be Pips light), and Pip being common and insignificant. Havisham seems to revel in Pips discomfort saying â€Å"well, you can break his heart. † Making sure that Estella would not have to suffer as she had at the hands of a man, was Havishams only goal in life casting about for boys who could be a testing ground for Estella’s education in breaking men’s hearts as vicarious revenge for her own pain: â€Å"I stole her heart away, and put ice in its place†. When Pip feebly requests to leave, Miss Havisham replied â€Å"you shall go soon†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"play the game out†. Making the point that she owns everything in her property, including Pip. The title of the novel suggests a bright future for Pip and as he started on a low – being threatened by an escaped convict at an isolated graveyard and scrutinized by a crazy deranged women in her dark and dingy mansion, there seems nowhere else to go but up, hence the name ‘Great Expectations’. The next time Pip and Magwitch meet in chapter 39, the tables have turned. When Magwitch reveals himself to be Pips benefactor, he does not feel gratitude towards him but rather disgust and repulsion as he discovered where his money had come from – â€Å"The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repugnance with which I shrank from him† Dickens has purposely made Pip the narrator so that the novel is told from his understanding of it; when Pip believes that Havisham was his benefactor the reader believes the same, until the truth is exposed to both Pip and the audience simultaneously. We develop knowledge of the story at the same pace as Pip and the reader shares his surprise when Magwitch turns up showing Dickens’s impressive skill as a writer. In Magwitch and pips first encounter, Pip is receiving death threats and is being hurled around by the same man that is now saying â€Å"I wish to come in master† This is one of Dickens major skills as a writer showing circular structure; the poor becoming rich, and the poor dying out as the process is repeated over and over again. However, Pip feelings towards Magwitch improve when he learns the history and he takes part in hatching a plan to get him out of the country and into safety, marking the end of the second stage of Pip’s expectations. Magwitch is caught at the hands of his old enemy, Compason after a frantic getaway attempt and awaits trial in a court of law but becomes very ill in prison. The trial in which Magwitch is proved guilty is described as having a â€Å"broad shaft of light between the two-and-thirty-and the judge†, symbolising God being the light that separates the good and the righteous from the evil sinners. Magwitch is given the death sentence but he dies at Pips side before it can come into place Between the first and final meeting the master and the beggar switch places as, as Havisham is now at the mercy of Pip. There is a total character change. She now has â€Å"a new expression on her face, as if she were afraid of me and her movements are tremulous† which is repeated over and over to show what a fragile and desperate state she was in. When Havisham finds out that Pip has found out about her hidden motives, she tries to bribe him – â€Å"If I give you the money for this purpose, will you keep my secret†? This shows how low she is prepared to stoop to keep her secret hidden. Havisham owns a once grand mansion, and great wealth, but she breaks down completely at loosing the one and only precious thing to her – Estella. â€Å"She dropped to her knees† at Pips feet symbolising them literally switching positions as Havisham is now below Pip in both sense of the word. She â€Å"hung her head of it and wept† repeating â€Å"what have I done, what have I done! as she wrung her hands and crushed her white hair â€Å"as if she was reliving the pain of the day she was left at the alter and finally realising her blindness to what was most valuable to her all her life. Dickens uses words such as â€Å"grievous, â€Å"diseased† and â€Å"monstrous† to describe Havisham and her dark past, showing just how emotionally scarred she was from her past experiences. Pip seems almost to be interrogating Havisham, ordering her to answer direct questions – â€Å" who’s chid is Estella’s† which is an extreme change from the first meeting when Pip had said little more than two words. He has now grown confident enough to talk to her as an equal. The time of day is described as â€Å"twilight† which is Dickens using a form of pathetic fallaway symbolising the approach of the end of the day, the end of Havisham and the end of the novel. When Pip examines the brewery, he notice that â€Å"the damp wood had started and swelled† symbolising Havisham weeping and â€Å"the hinges were yielding† referring to Havisham confessing to Pip. In the brewery, Pip has a premonition of Miss Havishsam hanging to a beam, as she has clung to the past almost all her life. Near the end of the chapter, Havisham dies horrifically, as she is burnt alive after getting too close to the fire. The event â€Å"disturbed beetles and spiders, running away over the floor and the servants coming† Showing that the moment Havisham is gone, life returns back to the house. Pip fails to notice his hands were burnt until after the encounter, symbolising him playing with fire to try to win the love of Estella. Pip did not bear any grudges towards Havisham, as he was kind enough to pay for the funeral expenses, and he had â€Å"I forgive her† written under her name. I believe that Dickens moral purpose for Great Expectations to teach us that although money is a good thing, it can also make us act out of character and change us for the worse. It can make you arrogant and can even blind you to the feeling of others. Money can change your personality, enabling you to treat others as if you were a common criminal. Dickens teaches us that we should treat everyone as equal regardless of class or background. We never know if or when the tides may turn, and we may find ourselves one day at the mercy of the very same people that we treated badly. Dickens wants us to use feel compassion for Magwitch, as he is a good person, but has been labeled as a criminal, therefore he dies peacefully. Whereas Havisham, who has lived a bitter and twisted existence, dies horrifically for her sins, which refers to divine justice this is highlighted by Pip and Havishams, Magwitch and Pips relationship during the novel. I believe that Dickens has put his point across clearly and successfully.

NAFTA Essays (2472 words) - International Trade,

NAFTA On January 1, 1994, Canada, Mexico and the United States passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Promoted to Congress by the Clinton administration, with the assurance that it would give rise to more jobs - exactly how many though, is not precisely known. Yet, according to the Journal of Commerce, the U.S. went from having a $5.5 billion trade surplus with Mexico before NAFTA, to having a massive $16 billion trade deficit today. At the same time, it is estimated that 400,000 Americans have lost manufacturing jobs because of NAFTA within the treaty's first three years, that's about the same number of jobs which have been created in the Mexican maquiladoras. Instead of sharing of the wealth and profit, one might think that there has been a big transfer of wealth from north to south of the border and that Mexican laborers have profited at the expense and torment of their American counterparts. The reality is that working conditions, wage, health and safety standards in Mexico have deteriorated. One American employee for a steering-wheel plan made approximately $10.46 per hour, compared to his Mexican counterpart, who makes about $0.75 per hour. Within the agreement, it stated "...the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States and the government of the United States of America resolved to establish a free trade area." In addition, NAFTA also determined to: ? Strengthen the special bonds of friendship and cooperation among the nations; ? Contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade and provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation; ? Create an expanded and secure market for the goods and services produced in their territories; ? Establish clear and mutually beneficial rules governing their trade; ? Create new employment opportunities, improve working conditions and living standards in their respective territories; ? Ensure a predictable commercial framework for business planning and investment. A very important section of NAFTA is the elimination of tariffs, which are charged for imports and exports within the three nations. Along with the eradication of tariffs, the agreement opened up enormous opportunities, creating a $6.3 billion GNP for the three countries. As mentioned in the agreement objective, NAFTA will and should, "create economic opportunities". The three nations, following the agreement, will move more and more into the liberalization of trade, at the expense of American and international workers. Under the agreement, the goods and services must be produced within the NAFTA territory to be considered tariff free. Not all tariffs are going to be eliminated at once, the agreement follows staging categories, which are as follows: Immediate elimination of tariffs on 1/1/94: ? Cattle ? Computers ? Jewelry ? Microwave ovens ? Passenger cars ? Telephones ? Televisions Elimination of tariffs within five years, beginning on 1/1/94: ? Baseball Caps ? Cotton Yarns ? Men's Pajamas ? Table Cloths ? Women's Cotton Dresses Elimination of tariffs within ten years, beginning on 1/1/94: ? Cigarettes ? Cotton ? Footwear ? Glassware ? Luggage ? Rum Elimination of tariffs after fifteen years, beginning on 1/1/94: ? Dry Beans ? Most Fresh Vegetables ? Orange Juice ? Peanuts ? Sugar With this in mind, critics present the problem that Mexican companies may take advantage of tariff free goods, resulting in the switching to low Mexican wages. As a result, United States workers may lose their jobs to Mexican citizens that can be paid less. When President Clinton was one of the Chief Proponents of NAFTA his Council of Economic Advisors brought forward this issue, "...Although wages are lower in Mexico than in the United States, the productivity of Mexican workers is also lower than the U.S. workers. Moreover, companies make plant location decisions based on a variety of factors in addition to wages, including telecommunications and transportation's infrastructure and business services, all of which are more sophisticated in the United States" (Arnold, 296). But the latter has not slowed down American companies from going south of the border for cheaper labor and less demanding working conditions from government agencies. So far, companies like Thompson Consumer Electronics, Jay Garment, Magne Tek, Uniroyal Goodrich and Breed Technologies have moved at least 107 plants in Indiana alone. To attempt mutual acceptance, NAFTA has presented readers with their goods and service overview. The following are short assessments that NAFTA provides: Agriculture: The food everyone eats is very important to every country, thus being our main source of consumption, NAFTA makes it easier for goods to be exported and imported with limited quotas throughout the years of operation. When NAFTA entered into force at least one